U.S COMMITTEE FOR REFUGEES AND IMMIGRANTS
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Six Months Post-Assad: A Safe Return Remains Out of Reach

June 26, 2025

The Syrian displacement crisis is one of the world’s largest refugee crises. The situation escalated during the Syrian Civil War (2011-2024), when millions were displaced internally and abroad due to war, repression, and economic collapse under Bashar al-Assad’s rule.

Assad’s regime deliberately used displacement as a weapon through sieges, chemical attacks, and the deliberate targeting of civilian populations. During the civil war, nearly 7 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) lived in Syria, with most concentrated populations in northwestern Syria—Idlib, Aleppo, Hasakah, and Raqqa. Many IDPs lived in makeshift camps, bombed-out buildings, or government-controlled areas under heavy surveillance.

More than six million Syrians fled the country due to the conflict and sought asylum in over 130 countries, with the majority living in neighboring countries, such as Türkiye, Lebanon, and Jordan. By mid-2024, more than three million Syrian refugees resided in Türkiye, approximately 1.5 million resided in Lebanon, and more than three-quarters of a million resided in Jordan.

On December 8, 2024, nearly 14 years after the start of the civil war, Assad fled Syria as opposition forces successfully liberated the country. Assad fled to Russia with his family, where he was offered asylum. This brief builds on previous USCRI reports that examined post-regime transitions in other contexts and distilled lessons for addressing Syrian displacement.

Unsafe, Undignified, and Potentially Involuntary Returns

Over 2 million Syrians have returned home since December, including nearly 600,000 from abroad and 1.5 million who were internally displaced. Filippo Grandi, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), anticipates that even more displaced Syrians may return after the end of the school year. But what are Syrians returning to?

Syria remains in one of the world’s largest displacement crises, with over 13 million people—refugees and IDPs—unable to return home to safety, security, or basic supplies. Grandi warns that without adequate support to rebuild critical infrastructure, such as schools and homes, many of these recent returns may prove temporary, leading to continued displacement.

Upon return, both refugees and IDPs have found their homes severely damaged or destroyed. Essential services, including water, sanitation, electricity, roads, and sewage systems, remain in shambles. Public health needs continue to escalate due to a broken infrastructure and a lack of resources.

Click here to read the full brief.

 

USCRI, founded in 1911, is a non-governmental, not-for-profit international organization committed to working on behalf of refugees and immigrants and their transition to a dignified life.

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