Earlier this year, humanitarian parole protections for individuals covered by the Cuban, Haitian, Nicaraguan, and Venezuelan (CHNV) parole program were categorically revoked, placing more than 500,000 people at risk of deportation. More than 100,000 Cubans were covered by the program.
Driven by Cold War politics, the United States has long pledged itself as an ally of the Cuban people’s plight for freedom. In the aftermath of the Revolution in 1959, Cubans found it relatively easy to gain admission to the United States. Now, the termination of CHNV undermines this legacy of welcome.
What is CHNV?
Humanitarian parole, as provided in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), allows the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to permit the entry and residence of select individuals for “urgent humanitarian reasons or significant public benefit.” Parole has been used as a tool to respond to humanitarian crises numerous times over the past several decades, particularly in response to unsuccessful American wars . In the aftermath of the fall of Saigon, the United States welcomed over 100,000 of our Vietnamese allies and their families on humanitarian parole. Nearly 50 years later, parole was once again used as a tool to rapidly evacuate our Afghan allies and bring them to the United States.
CHNV parole allowed nationals of Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela to come to the United States and work with the support of a sponsor. One of the primary goals of the CHNV program was to reduce irregular border crossings. By this measure, the program was a resounding success, with arrests of CHNV nationals dropping by 90%. The program’s en masse revocation thrust its recipients into uncertainty.
Litigators quickly filed for relief, challenging the Administration’s decision to revoke parole for CHNV recipients. In April, Judge Talwani in Massachusetts stayed DHS’ move to terminate benefits for existing parolees covered by the class action. A May decision by the Supreme Court blocked Judge Talwani’s order, allowing DHS to proceed with revoking the residency and work authorizations of CHNV parolees. The lawsuit remains ongoing.
Cubans admitted to the United States on CHNV humanitarian parole are now being threatened with return to Cuba. Arguably, compared to Venezuelans, Haitians, and Nicaraguans, Cubans are in an advantageous position—those who have resided in the United States for one year are able to apply for a Green Card under the Cuban Adjustment Act (CAA). But even adjustment under the CAA is now under crackdown, with Green Card applications associated with the Act on hold.
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USCRI, founded in 1911, is a non-governmental, not-for-profit international organization committed to working on behalf of refugees and immigrants and their transition to a dignified life.
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