U.S COMMITTEE FOR REFUGEES AND IMMIGRANTS
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Defending Refugees in Uncertain Times: A USCRI Q&A with Jeff Thielman, President and CEO of the International Institute of New England (IINE)

April 14, 2026

Written and edited by: Rachel Ryu, Staff Attorney, Humanitarian Legal Services 

 

The International Institute of New England (IINE), a regional partner of USCRI and one of the largest and oldest human service organizations in its region, provides humanitarian relief, English language learning, employment support, and immigration legal services to thousands of refugees and immigrants from around the world. 

 

Since January 20, 2025, the Executive Branch has enacted major policy changes. Many of these changes have sparked lawsuits challenging their legality and to defend against immediate harm that a refugee or immigrant might face. 

The number of lawsuits challenging these policy changes has increased, nearly on a daily basis. Lawfare now tracks 316 active cases challenging this Administration’s actions. Just Security is tracking 758 cases. These are incredible numbers if you consider how much work it is to prepare impact litigation, how much it costs to launch a federal court challenge, and how long these cases can last. Individuals and organizations also do this at great personal and professional risk, especially as unjustified scrutiny has increased on immigrant-serving non-profit organizations.  

Being part of a lawsuit puts you in an adversarial role against a governmental action or policy. But organizations like the International Institute of New England (IINE) have decided to take action in order to protect their clients, staff, and the wider community.  

What’s the governmental policy that drove them to that choice? On February 18, 2026, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued a memo that announced it would enforce a new policy that refugees must return to DHS custody after one year of physical presence to be reviewed for Green Card eligibility if not voluntarily, then by arrest. Then, DHS said it may detain refugees during the duration of this review, which could be indefinite. Green Card applications take about 12 months to process.  

The announcement of this policy caused fear for refugees, especially at the time, because they saw the violence and coercion that DHS’s enforcement arms, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP), were capable of enacting in Minnesota. In December 2025, DHS launched “Operation Metro Surge” in Minnesota, where ICE and CBP tactics resulted in the deaths of two civilian protestors and countless injuries of civilians. In January 2026, DHS officially announced Operation PARRIS, a “sweeping initiative” to reexamine and re-vet 5,600 refugees in Minnesota who have not obtained a Green Card. What this means in reality is that refugees were lured and threatened out of their vehicles and homes, and many were shipped out to detention centers in Texas without notice, where they were subjected to hours of interrogation. Then, they were released in Texas, thousands of miles from their homes, without their phones, identification, or funds to return home safely.  

The cruel tactics used in Operation PARRIS spread panic and fear throughout the refugee community nationwide. Then, the February 18, 2026 memo that announced the Refugee Detention Policy amplified that fear, because it put into official policy that what happened in Minnesota could happen to any refugee in the United States. 

In an interview with Jeff Thielman, President and CEO of the International Institute of New England (IINE), he explains what the Refugee Detention Policy means for refugees and refugee-serving organizations and why IINE joined a federal lawsuit challenging this policy. 

 

The interview took place on March 11, 2026, and is edited to improve clarity. 

Question (Rachel Ryu, Staff Attorney, USCRI): Thank you so much for having this conversation with me. You lead the International Institute of New England (IINE), which has been around for over 100 years providing services to refugees and immigrants from around the globe. I was wondering if you could let us know: What services does IINE provide to refugees, immigrants, and to the community today? 

Answer (Jeff Thielman, President and CEO, IINE): We focus on the core services that newcomers—namely refugees, asylees, and other early-status immigrants—in the United States need. That includes connecting them with housing, food, and healthcare, teaching English, providing support to find jobs, and offering immigration legal services. In recent years, many of the people we have supported were paroled* into the United States for humanitarian reasons—mostly from Haiti, but also from Venezuela and other countries. We also provide services to unaccompanied children and to just about all Office of Refugee Resettlement populations. 

 

We were founded in Lowell in 1918, Boston in 1924, and then in the 1990s, we merged with a chapter in Manchester, New Hampshire. Today, these three sites are all part of our organization, so I do a lot of running around to each to try to support the teams doing the work and to understand the unique challenges and needs of our clients. 

* “Parole” refers to humanitarian parole, which is a temporary grant of entry and stay in the United States based on urgent humanitarian reasons or significant public benefit. In 2023, a humanitarian parole program for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans (CHNV parole) launched. The current Administration ended this program in January 2025 and suddenly revoked protections in March 2025, putting more than 500,000 people at risk of deportation. 

USCRI: Refugees, asylees, and humanitarian parolees—they all have a status in law, and they get differing support from the federal government that’s [provided] in law. Knowing this and knowing how all of these different policy changes have been coming in the past 18 months, how has your organization’s work changed? 

IINE: When the Trump administration came in, our initial feeling was, well, we may be impacted by some of the things he’s going to do, but we’re serving populations that are lawfully in the U.S. We’re serving refugees who have been lawfully admitted. We’re serving humanitarian parolees that the U.S. allowed in. We’re serving unaccompanied children. What could go wrong? 

 

Of course, we now know that a lot could go wrong. There’s an immense fear in the entire immigrant community—fear of detention and deportation despite having legal status. In the refugee community, specifically, they are worried because of what happened in Minnesota and of [the] intentions by the Trump administration to implement a policy in which they will arrest refugees who have been in the country for one year and don’t have a Green Card.

That is a major change. A major change.  

So to your point directly: Life has changed for our clients, and as a result, our work has to change. This time, a couple of years ago, we were focused on how we can ensure our clients truly integrate and thrive in their communities. Now, we’re focused much more on simply protecting them. 

When I first started in this role a decade ago, we never really talked about making sure our clients had legal protections. It was just not a concern, and now it is. And even with legal protection, they could be in danger. 

USCRI: Right, so even refugees who have almost an invitation to enter the United States once they’ve gone through the very heavy screening and the eligibility status determinations, they’re now at risk, and it’s due to a couple of policy changes. 

One that you mentioned is being implemented very widely in Minnesota, but I want to talk particularly about a policy that came to light in February, which is the Refugee Detention Policy. 

That’s impacting refugees who have not adjusted to status, [meaning] permanent resident status. How are refugees responding to these policies? What kind of concerns are you hearing? 

IINE: They’re very scared. I’ll give you a concrete example. We have a refugee youth program in our Lowell office. These are young people who came to the United States in the past several years as refugees. And they’re in chat groups talking to people all the time and very active online. Word got out very quickly when the February 18th memo was released saying that DHS was going to implement a policy in which refugees would be arrested or detained if they don’t have a Green Card after being in the country for one year, which is impossible to achieve. You can’t get a Green Card until you’ve been here for a year, and Green Cards take time. Some of them didn’t want to go to school the next day, or to our offices. Just being outside felt dangerous.  

 

I think that’s the Administration’s intention—for refugees to feel that they’re not welcome in the United States, and that is very troubling. So in response, we are gearing up. We’re paying our team overtime, so we can reach out to every single one of the 1,250 refugee clients we resettled during the Biden Administration because they’re most at risk. If we didn’t personally help them apply for their Green Card, we are finding out whether they did separately.  

We’re also preparing to go to interviews with people. That is going to require additional staff on our part. And if our clients are detained, we don’t have a deportation defense practice at IINE. We’re going to have to work hard to refer those people to good attorneys who can help them.  

So, this is putting a lot of strain on us as an organization, and, certainly, it is causing a lot of anxiety and worry among our clients. We want our clients focused on learning English. We want our clients focused on their jobs and integrating into the communities in Lowell, Manchester, New Hampshire, and Greater Boston. And that’s hard to do right now.  

USCRI: We have referenced this February 18th memo that came out of a lawsuit against the federal government in Minnesota. … There is a temporary order, a preliminary injunction, disallowing the government to put this in place in Minnesota—it doesn’t apply nationwide.  

IINE: Correct. 

USCRI: So you, along with six refugees and the Jewish Family Service of Western Massachusetts, launched a lawsuit in the District of Massachusetts, and that [lawsuit] is trying to seek protection for refugees nationwide. Why did IINE feel like litigation was necessary? 

IINE: Our clients are why we go to work every day, and this is a direct attack on their safety. So we felt we had to step up. We are very fearful that a Minnesota- or a Minneapolis-like situation could occur in our region.  

We felt that if refugee clients around the United States—six of them, six brave people—were going to step up and be plaintiffs, then we, as an organization, should as well. 

We, also, are stepping up because this is going to put an incredible amount of burden on us as an organization. We were studying the Minneapolis situation. We were doing some contingency planning here, and we’re realizing—oh my gosh, we’re going to have to add staff and work overtime.  

 

Now, so far in Massachusetts, to our knowledge, refugees have not been detained under this policy. That hasn’t happened. But, it could happen tonight, it could happen tomorrow morning. We just don’t know. 

USCRI: Right, it’s very important for—and I think we’ve seen more organizations come out and take a stance on these policies— 

IINE: Yeah, and sorry to interrupt Rachel, but I just want to make it clear: Litigation is not our standard form of advocacy. We advocate with USCRI at the federal level, the state level, and we advocate for additional federal and additional state funding. If there’s a piece of legislation in one state or another that is anti-immigrant or anti-refugee, we will testify at a hearing or send in some written testimony. Sometimes we get involved that way. But this—filing a lawsuit—is not what we’re set up to do. This is an extraordinary thing for our organization. 

USCRI: And it just points to the extraordinary need that you saw you had to take to protect your clients and the refugees that you’ve served, and also the people around them who are impacted. 

IINE: Absolutely. 

USCRI: Knowing this and knowing how refugees need support—Do you have any suggestions for how the community can stay engaged, support, or stand up for refugees and new Americans? 

IINE: We are doing everything we can to engage our community of supporters, donors, and volunteers, and they’re rising to the occasion. We have people who are donating. We have people who are offering to volunteer. Some of our volunteers have said that if an Operation PARRIS-like situation comes to Boston, Manchester, or Lowell, they’re ready to support us—and there are a lot of people that want to help. So we feel good about that. We’re going to need as much community support as possible to help keep our refugee neighbors safe. 

 

A Court Win & Follow-up Insights from Jeff 

On March 23, IINE, six refugees, and the Jewish Family Service of Western Massachusetts secured a win in the federal court litigation. The federal judge granted their Motion to Stay, blocking DHS from enforcing the Refugee Detention Policy. 

In a following email, Jeff Thielman said this about how clients are responding to the March 23 win: 

“It’s been gratifying for our staff to deliver news of the stay to our clients. There is a sense of relief among our staff and clients. At the same time, we have cautioned our clients that the judge’s ruling is not permanent relief. In addition, we have told them that when their Green Card application is considered by USCIS, they can expect to be called for an interview, and we will be present when that happens. We remain committed to protecting our clients’ rights and safety during these unsettling times.” 

 

USCRI, founded in 1911, is a non-governmental, not-for-profit international organization committed to working on behalf of refugees and immigrants and their transition to a dignified life.

For press inquiries, please contact: [email protected]


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