The Double Minority Challenge Faced...
By Rosalind Ghafar Rogers, PhD, LMHC, Clinical Behavioral Health Subject Matter Expert with USCRI’s Refugee Health Services in Arlington, VA...
READ FULL STORYBy: Rosalind Ghafar Rogers, PhD, LMHC, Clinical Behavioral Health Subject Matter Expert
with USCRI’s Refugee Health Services in Arlington, VA
Human Rights Day, celebrated annually on December 10, marks the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. This day serves as a reminder of the global commitment to ensuring fundamental freedoms and equality for all individuals, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, or status. Among the groups that often face systemic marginalization and rights violations are immigrants and refugees. Advocating for their human rights, particularly their mental health, is critical in fostering inclusive societies and upholding the core principles of human dignity. This year’s theme, Our Rights, Our Future, Right Now, emphasizes how human rights are a pathway to solutions and play a critical role as a preventative, protective, and transformative power for addressing people’s greatest concerns and a potent force for good.
Immigrants and refugees often endure significant challenges, including forced displacement, loss, separation from family, prolonged uncertainty about the future, and exposure to violence. These experiences, compounded by barriers to accessing healthcare, education, and legal protections in transition and host countries, place immigrants and refugees at a heightened risk of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Silove et al., 2017).
Although losses and trauma exposure during pre- and peri-migration are significant determinants of distress, research has consistently found that post-migration problems and stressors are a more robust determinant of psychological distress (Kronick et al., 2021). The process of resettlement itself can exacerbate mental health conditions, as refugees navigate cultural adaptation, employment challenges, financial stressors, social exclusion, and discrimination. Post-migration social determinants of health that have consistently been found to affect the mental health of immigrants and refugees include, income, employment, housing, language skills and interpretation, the asylum-seeking process, social support and social isolation, and discrimination (Hynie, 2018). A growing body of research in host countries have found that imposed conditions of adversity, including insecure residency status, challenging refugee determination procedures, prolonged detention, restricted access to services, and a lack of opportunities to work or study, combined in such a way to compound the effects of past traumas in exacerbating symptoms of PTSD and depression (Silove et al., 2017). According to Fazel et al. (2014), children and adolescents in refugee populations are particularly vulnerable, with long-term consequences for their psychological development if appropriate services are not offered and effective interventions are not implemented.
Advocacy for the human rights of immigrants and refugees is not merely a moral imperative but also a means of ensuring that international legal obligations are met. Instruments such as the UDHR, the 1951 Refugee Convention, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights affirm the right to health and well-being, emphasizing the need for accessible, equitable, and culturally responsive mental health services for immigrants and refugees. Because mental health is highly influenced by the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, and live, addressing these social determinants of health, – all of which are enshrined in international human rights law – such as access to quality healthcare, the availability of adequate housing, just and favorable working conditions, and freedom from discrimination, are essential to promoting and protecting the human rights of immigrants and refugees.
Raising awareness about the intersection of human rights and mental health is essential to changing attitudes that underlie stigma and discrimination. Public campaigns and community education can combat stigma and promote empathy, encouraging host communities to support inclusive policies. Research underscores the effectiveness of community-based programs in improving mental health outcomes among refugees, highlighting the importance of culturally sensitive approaches (Nickerson et al., 2017).
Efforts to advocate for the rights of immigrants and refugees should prioritize mental health care by:
On Human Rights Day, it is imperative to reaffirm our collective responsibility to protect the rights of immigrants and refugees, with a particular focus on their mental health. Advocacy and awareness efforts are key to ensuring that these vulnerable populations receive the support and respect they deserve. By addressing the structural barriers they face, we can move closer to a world where the ideals of the UDHR are a lived reality for all.
References
Fazel, M., Wheeler, J., & Danesh, J. (2014). Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: a systematic review. The Lancet, 365(9467), 1309-1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)61027-6
Hynie, M. (2018). The social determinants of refugee mental health in the post-migration context: A critical review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63(5), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743717746666
Kronick, R., Jarvis, G. E., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2021). Refugee mental health and human rights: A challenge for global mental health. Transcultural Psychiatry, 58(2), 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634615211002690
Nickerson, A., Bryant, R. A., Steel, Z., Silove, D., & Brooks, R. (2017). The impact of social interventions on mental health outcomes for refugees. Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.003
Silove, D., Ventevogel, P., & Rees, S. (2017). The contemporary refugee crisis: An overview of mental health challenges. World Psychiatry, 16(2), 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20438
By Rosalind Ghafar Rogers, PhD, LMHC, Clinical Behavioral Health Subject Matter Expert with USCRI’s Refugee Health Services in Arlington, VA...
READ FULL STORYDifference is of the essence of humanity. Difference is an accident of birth and it should therefore never be the...
READ FULL STORYBy: Rosalind Ghafar Rogers, PhD, LMHC, Clinical Behavioral Health Subject Matter Expert with USCRI’s Refugee Health Services in Arlington, VA...
READ FULL STORY