U.S COMMITTEE FOR REFUGEES AND IMMIGRANTS
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Human Trafficking Data Points to Better Identification—Cross-Sector Collaboration is the Key

January 15, 2025

By Aaron Nodjomian-Escajeda, Senior Policy Analyst, and Leah Breevoort, Regional Coordination Supervisor, Trafficking Services, USCRI

 

Has human trafficking increased in recent years? Certain sources suggest that there has been an increase in migrant sex trafficking as a direct result of recent pro-immigration policies. The data, however, is inconclusive.

So why might it look like the numbers are going up? The methods used to report and detect survivors of human trafficking have improved. More survivors are being identified through enhanced training and awareness, improved screening tools, collaboration across sectors, legislative and policy support, the inclusion of survivor voices to inform identification strategies, and decreased stigma.

The U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (USCRI) routinely conducts training and participates in awareness campaigns. In fiscal year (FY) 2024, USCRI’s trafficking programs provided more than 75 trainings to schools, service providers, child welfare agencies, and other federal and state agencies across all 50 states. The presentations included an overview of human trafficking, its intersection with other forms of violence and societal issues, information on how to report trafficking, such as through the Office on Trafficking in Persons (OTIP)’s Shepherd system, and how to refer survivors to appropriate services.

Enhanced training methods alone, however, are not enough to ensure survivors are able to process their experience, identify their situation as trafficking, and feel safe coming forward to report their victimization. Trafficking often involves a person experiencing a loss of control and trust, psychological manipulation, including threats of harm, and a fear of systems, like law enforcement, that traffickers perpetuate. Foreign national survivors face additional barriers, including a lack of language access, an incomplete understanding of U.S. laws, and fears of deportation.

Case management services—like USCRI’s Trafficking Victim Assistance Program (TVAP) and Aspire Child & Youth Services Program (Aspire)—help survivors work through these obstacles, offering support throughout identification, reporting, and rehabilitation. The Health and Human Services (HHS) Eligibility Letter process exemplifies the success of collaboration between service providers and government agencies.

When an individual in the community suspects that a foreign national minor has experienced trafficking at any point in their life, they can submit a request for assistance through OTIP’s Shepherd system. Doing so initiates a referral to USCRI’s Aspire program for case management services and/or technical assistance.

OTIP will issue “Interim Assistance” when additional information is needed about a case to determine if the child has experienced trafficking as defined by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA). In extreme cases, Interim Assistance may be issued while a minor is in an active trafficking situation, but information is limited. In these cases, Aspire plays a crucial role in assisting minors to receive life-saving support.

In one case, Aspire received notice from OTIP that concerns were submitted about a child in a potential labor and sex trafficking situation. The 13-year-old, who lived in a home with a non-parental caregiver, was forced to provide childcare, not enrolled in school, and given little freedom to interact with others. The caregiver also threatened to sell the child for sexual acts, claiming it was to settle a debt incurred while providing financial support for the child in the home.

Helping professionals were able to connect with the child through the collaboration of OTIP, Aspire, and local service providers. Case managers spoke with the minor, built rapport, and assessed for safety. The case manager was also able to interact with the caregiver/trafficker in a way that law enforcement had not been able to, which ultimately led to the child leaving the situation and reuniting with family.

Case managers from the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) worked with the child and her father to obtain DNA results proving their relationship. ORR also assessed the father’s home to ensure that the minor would not be at risk of trafficking there. After much advocacy from Aspire and the local service provider, the child reunited with her father in a different state. Aspire funds provided the bed where, after months of exploitation, the child was finally able to sleep safely in her father’s home.

This child and others reach safety because of the coordination between local and federal law enforcement, local child welfare agencies, various federal agencies, local service providers, and Aspire. It is this type of collaboration that improves our ability to identify trafficking and support survivors.

We are identifying more survivors of human trafficking because we are focusing efforts on collaborative, cross-sector models that allow service providers, federal agencies, and law enforcement to coordinate effectively and provide wrap-around care. When services address a survivor’s trauma and basic needs, while building trust and a sense of safety, individuals are more likely to end a potential cycle of exploitation, work with law enforcement to prosecute their traffickers and obtain long-term stability. Some survivors, in turn, become advocate voices that help inform our processes to ensure they are responsive to survivors’ needs.

To meet its obligations, effectively support survivors, and combat human trafficking, the U.S. Government must continue to fully fund long-term support services. Ensuring survivors have access to these resources is not only vital to their recovery but also to the broader fight against human trafficking.


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