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United Nations to Conservationists: ‘Stop Displacing Indigenous Peoples’

December 17, 2024

By Alexia Gardner

Photo credit: Alex Reep

 

Before becoming a crown jewel of the conservation movement, most U.S. national parks were home to thriving Indigenous communities. The Maliseet, Micmac, Passamaquoddy and Penobscot lived in Acadia, while the Hopi and Navajo tribes were amongst those who called Zion their home.

The founding of the National Park Service—and the beginning of the conservation movement— was marked by their violent displacement. The U.S. Army was stationed at Yellowstone from 1886 to 1918, in part to keep out the land’s prior Indigenous inhabitants.

This legacy of erasure and eviction echoes through the modern-day conservation movement. The displacement of Indigenous peoples has been justified on the basis of protecting biodiversity, a tactic that has produced millions of ‘conservation refugees.’ This practice, known as ‘fortress conservation,’ affects Indigenous peoples around the world.

In the Congo Basin, for example, the process of creating 26 of the region’s protected areas led to the forced removal of the land’s prior inhabitants. No reparations were afforded to the communities harmed. In India, local communities continue to be removed in the name of a tiger conservation project in the Madhya Pradesh province. Newly released principles from the UN Environment Programme tackle situations like these, calling upon environmentalists to stop displacing Indigenous people under the guise of conservation.

The principles, developed through a series of consultations with key stakeholders, do not forge any new legal frameworks, but rather clarify how existing protections govern the relationship between Indigenous peoples, their land, and global efforts to mitigate biodiversity loss. The core of the document’s guidance is rooted in the responsibility of conservationists and governments to respect the self-determination and sovereignty of Indigenous peoples. Simply put, conservationists must stop displacing Indigenous peoples.

The colonial logic that favors the forced removal of a territory’s ancestral inhabitants in the name of preserving ‘the wild’ ignores the long-standing role that Indigenous people have played as biodiversity stewards. In my own research on Indigenous ecological knowledge holders living along Colombia’s Pacific Coast, I found that the forced displacement of Indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities negatively impacted ecosystems in the territories they once stewarded. Falder Chami Sinigui, an Emberá community leader, described his community’s relationship to nature as symbiotic, rooted in deep respect for the land and the life it sustains.

“Our ancestors teach us to live through Mother Earth, to care for Mother Earth. We understand that Mother Earth has sacred spaces and traditional medicines—important medicines—so we are caretakers of the forest, nature, and sacred spaces.”

When conservationists displace Indigenous communities, they sever the land from its ancestral caretakers. This is both an injustice and counterproductive. Traditional ecological knowledge is invaluable: in Western Australia, for example, the implementation of traditional Indigenous knowledge on forest-burning halved the amount of high-carbon-emitting late season wildfires. Forcibly removed from their territories, Indigenous people are no longer able to preserve seed varietals, to plant trees, to cultivate plants with life-saving medicinal value.

The displacement of Indigenous peoples does not conserve nature: it disturbs it.

 

Learn more about out USCRI’s Policy & Advocacy


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