U.S COMMITTEE FOR REFUGEES AND IMMIGRANTS
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Three Years of War in Ukraine: We Must Support Women-Centered Refugee Solutions

February 24, 2025

Today, we memorialize three years of full-scale war in Ukraine. On February 24, 2022, Russian forces launched a military invasion into Ukraine, sparking one of the largest displacement crises in modern history. People in Crimea and front-line regions have endured years of emergency displacement. People throughout Ukraine have shown resilience in the face of indiscriminate attacks that have caused at least 40,838 civilian deaths. People caught in this war have suffered through three wartime winters with limited access to heating and destroyed shelters.

Due to these security risks, about one-third of Ukrainians have been forced from their homes. Over 6.9 million people have sought safety abroad, and over 3.6 million people are internally displaced.

Unlike some other displacement crises, there are more Ukrainian women refugees than men. In the first month of war, UN Women reported that about 90 percent of refugees fleeing Ukraine were women and children. Three years in, women and girls continue to make up the majority of refugees at 63 percent.

The phenomenon of increasing numbers of women migrating independently is referred to as “the feminization of migration.” The term and phenomenon should spark refugee support systems to rethink traditional approaches and to center women’s experiences and perspectives in enacting solutions.

Forcibly displaced women have gender-specific vulnerabilities, including an increased risk of gender-based violence and exploitation. Displacement also heightens gender inequalities. Refugee women are not only expected to fulfill societal gender roles, such as caregiver, but they are also expected to serve additional roles, such as breadwinner, family protector, and pioneer.

When women are disproportionately impacted by forced displacement, refugee support and solutions are more effective when a women-led and women-centered approach is adopted. For example, a UN study found that the availability of temporary protection for Ukrainian refugees and visa-free travel in Europe contributed to lowering trafficking and smuggling risks. In contrast, fewer housing options in host countries can increase the risks of abuse, sexual-based violence, discrimination, and exploitation.

A women-centered approach should continue to inform refugee policy. But countries that offer temporary protection to Ukrainian refugees are ignoring a major aspect of women-centered outcomes. Research has shown that women, including women with children, have lower intentions of returning. Intentions to return to Ukraine have decreased among Ukrainian refugees overall, especially as the war continues into its third year.

Ukrainian women refugees have now spent up to three years assimilating into a community and building their support systems. They have found jobs and established careers. Women with children have also further integrated into school communities. War forced Ukrainian women to uproot their lives to find safety. Three years in, while the conflict is still active and deadly, we should not force these women to uproot their lives again.

 

USCRI, founded in 1911, is a non-governmental, not-for-profit international organization committed to working on behalf of refugees and immigrants and their transition to a dignified life.

 For press inquiries, please contact: [email protected].


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